11.4PureCore

Position Vectors

A position vector pins a point to the origin. Once points have position vectors, the vector joining any two of them follows from one simple rule — the key to all the geometry problems in the next lesson.

25 min Video by Zeeshan Zamurred Vectors
Edexcel AS Level Maths: 11.4 Position VectorsWatch the full walkthrough before the notes below.
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What you'll be able to do

  • Understand what a position vector is
  • Write the position vector of a point
  • Find the vector between two points
  • Find the distance between two points using vectors
1

Position vectors

The of a point is , the vector from the origin to . It is usually written . So the point has position vector .

2

The vector joining two points

To get from to , go back to the origin then out to : . Always “end minus start”.

End point’s position vector minus the start point’s.
1.
Answer

Tip — AB = b − a, not a − b. Getting the order wrong reverses the vector.

3

Distance between points

The distance from to is the magnitude of — exactly the distance formula in disguise.

Find the joining vector, then its magnitude.
1.
2Magnitude .
Answer

Formula recap

Position vector of A.
Vector joining two points.
Distance between points.

Common mistakes to avoid

Writing AB = a − b.
It is end minus start: AB = b − a.
Confusing a position vector with a displacement between two general points.
A position vector is always measured from the origin O.

Key takeaways

  • A position vector OA = a runs from the origin to the point.
  • AB = b − a (end minus start).
  • Distance from A to B is |b − a|.

Test yourself

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