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Charge, current, mean drift velocity and potential difference.
Resistance, Ohm’s law, and I-V graphs for a resistor, filament lamp and diode.
The resistivity equation, temperature dependence, and superconductivity.
Kirchhoff’s two laws, and series and parallel resistance rules.
E.m.f., lost volts, terminal p.d. and the graphical ε/r method.
The potential divider equation, and sensor circuits with a thermistor or LDR.
Displacement, amplitude, wavelength, frequency, the wave equation and phase difference.
The two wave types, compressions and rarefactions, and polarisation.
The principle of superposition, nodes, antinodes, and harmonics on a string.
Coherence, path difference, and Young’s double-slit experiment.
Diffraction through a single slit, and the diffraction grating equation.
Refractive index, Snell’s law, total internal reflection and optical fibres.
The photon model, photon energy, and the electronvolt.
Threshold frequency, work function and Einstein’s photoelectric equation.
The de Broglie wavelength and electron diffraction as evidence for matter waves.
Work through each topic to complete the section.